定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构；它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，或是构成一个名词短语；或是构成一个代词短语。
工具/原料
用心
方法/步骤
1、定语从句的基本结构•Theboywho/thatsitsbesidemeisunfriendly.•Thefriend(whom/that/who)Imetyesterdayhasleft.•先行词指人还是物？关系代词在从句做什么成分？•先行词指人时，•从句中缺少主语，我们选择关系代词who,that,而且不省略。从句中缺少宾语，我们选择关系代词whom,who,that,可以省略。
2、•Thehousewhich/thatwasonfirelastnighthadahistoryof100years.•Pleaselendmethepen(which/that／)youboughtyesterday.•先行词指事物时，•从句中缺少主语，我们选择关系代词which,that,而且不省略。从句中缺少宾语，我们选择关系代词which,that,可以省略。
3、概念:1.在句子中修饰名词或代词,定语从句在句中充当定语.2.定语从句必须有先行词,并尽量靠近先行词.3.在定语从句中,根据先行词在在从句中充当成分选择关系词.关系代词关系代词:指人:who(主格),whom(宾格),指物:which(主格,宾格)指人或物:that1).Whereistheman______________washerejustnow?2).Theoldlady_________________youtalkedtoishergrandmother.3).It’sabook______willhelpyoualot.4)Idon’tlikethefilm__________wesawyesterday.
4、•ThegirlwhosehairisgoldenisfromEngland.•Thedeskwhoselegsarebrokenisnotmine.•Whose的用法：先行词可以是人，也可以是物。在从句中充当定语
5、•Myfathertalkedaboutthepersonsandthethings____herememberatschool.•A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what•Key:A.•定语从句用that不用which•1.先行同时有人又有物•2.先行是不定代词（all,anything,something,everything)•Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.•Idon’tbelieveanythingthathesaid.Allthebooksthathehadboughtwereburn.•3.先行受形容词最高级修饰ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.•4.先行受序数词修饰如thefirst,thesecond,thelast.•ThisisthefirstbookthatwaswrittenbyHangHang•5.先行受theonly,thevery词修饰•ThatistheverythingthatIamlookingfor.•TheonlygiftthathegotatChristmasisanexercisebook.•
6、定语从句先行词关系代词Thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系副词WhenwherewhyThatisthenaughtyboy_____________wetalkedaboutlastweek.Thisisthephoto___________________Itook.Helivesintheroom________windowsfacesouth.
7、•Attributiveclause(2)•由关系副词如:when,where,why(注意:没有what和how)引导的定语从句•表时间/地点/原因时用when,where,why•I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty.•Thisroomistheplacewherehewasborn.•Iknowthereasonwhyhewasangry.
8、•I.Readtheform•对比：•Thisisthehouse____welivedinlastweek.•Thisisthehouse____welivedlastweek.•Key:(which/that);where•Hegavethereason____hewaslate.•Idon’tbelievethereason_____hegavejustnow.•Key:why;(that/which)•Hewillneverforgettheday______hemetthegirl.•A.whenB.onthatC.inwhichD.that•Hewillneverforgetthedays_____wespenttogether.•A.whenB.onthatC.inwhichD.that•Key:AD
9、补充1定语从句用that不用which•1.Istillrememberthethingsandthepeoplethathetalkedabout.•2.Hetoldmeeverythingthathadhappenedlastnight.•3.Thisisthefirstnovelthathehaswritten.•4.“Hero”isthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.•5.Thatistheverytiethatcanmatchyourshirtwell.•6.Whichisthesubjectthatyoulikebest?•定语从句用that不用which•1.先行词既有人又有物•2.先行是不定代词（all,anything,something,everything) 或者被all,no,any,few,little等修饰•3.先行受序数词修饰如thefirst,thesecond,thelast.•4.先行受形容词最高级修饰5.先行受theonly,thevery词修饰•6.句子是由which开头的特殊疑问句
10、1.(2010全国II).Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_____wassomeoneelse’sfault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what2..(2010北京卷27).Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that3.Thereislittleinthisbook____isinteresting.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD./4.Thedoctor________steppedin.A.Dellawaswaitingforhim B.whomDellawaswaitingC.Dellawaswaitingfor D.whoDellawaswaiting
11、补充3.介词加关系代词引导定语从句1.关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?Thepencilwithwhichhewaswritingsuddenlybroke.•1.Tomisaperson____otherscan’tgetonverywell.A.whomB.whoC.withwhomD.withwhich•2.Thepen______hefilledtheformismine.•A.thatB.whichC.withthatD.withwhich•3.(2010江苏卷32).Thenewlybuiltcafé,thewallsof_______arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.A.thatB.itC.whatD.whi4.Janewasheroldfriend,____sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,_____hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that
12、•Attributiveclause(2)•由关系副词如:when,where,why•(注意:没有what和how)引导的定语从句•表时间/地点/原因时用when,where,why•I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty.•Thisroomistheplacewherehewasborn.•Iknowthereasonwhyhewasangry.
13、使用关系副词应注意下列几点：当先行词是表时间和表地点的词时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，I’llneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.
14、注意：1)Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。2）Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“andthis”or“andthat”.译为“这一点”。• 而as则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如…..那样”•3)as已形成一些固定结构。 如：asisknown,asissaid,asisreported,asisoftenthecase,asisexpected.
15、Attributiveclause(4)特殊的定语从句:先行词是theway•1.Idon’tlikethewayinwhichhetalks.•2.Idon’tlikethewaythathetalks.•3.Idon’tlikethewayhetalks.
16、•Attributiveclause(5)其他句型•1.Isthisfactory_____youvisitedlastweek?•A.thatB.whichC./D.theone•还原法：•Thisfactoryistheone(that)youvisitedlastweek.•2.Hetoldusaboutthetimehehadspent____English.•A.tolearnB.learningC.onlearningD.tolearning•spendtimedoingsth.
